The ssh2 npm package is a client and server module for SSH and SFTP written in pure JavaScript for node.js. It provides an interface to connect to and interact with SSH servers, allowing for the execution of commands, file transfers, local and remote port forwarding, and more.
Executing Commands on Remote Server
This code sample demonstrates how to execute a command (in this case, 'uptime') on a remote server using the ssh2 package.
const { Client } = require('ssh2');
const conn = new Client();
conn.on('ready', () => {
console.log('Client :: ready');
conn.exec('uptime', (err, stream) => {
if (err) throw err;
stream.on('close', (code, signal) => {
console.log('Stream :: close :: code: ' + code + ', signal: ' + signal);
conn.end();
}).on('data', (data) => {
console.log('STDOUT: ' + data);
}).stderr.on('data', (data) => {
console.log('STDERR: ' + data);
});
});
}).connect({
host: '192.168.100.100',
port: 22,
username: 'frylock',
privateKey: require('fs').readFileSync('/here/is/my/key')
});SFTP File Transfer
This code sample shows how to transfer a file from a local path to a remote path using SFTP with the ssh2 package.
const { Client } = require('ssh2');
const conn = new Client();
conn.on('ready', () => {
console.log('Client :: ready');
conn.sftp((err, sftp) => {
if (err) throw err;
sftp.fastPut(localPath, remotePath, {}, (err) => {
if (err) throw err;
console.log('File transferred successfully!');
conn.end();
});
});
}).connect({
host: '192.168.100.100',
port: 22,
username: 'frylock',
privateKey: require('fs').readFileSync('/here/is/my/key')
});TCP Port Forwarding
This code sample illustrates how to set up TCP port forwarding from the local machine to a remote destination using the ssh2 package.
const { Client } = require('ssh2');
const conn = new Client();
conn.on('ready', () => {
console.log('Client :: ready');
conn.forwardOut('127.0.0.1', 12345, 'www.google.com', 80, (err, stream) => {
if (err) throw err;
stream.on('close', () => {
console.log('TCP :: CLOSED');
conn.end();
}).on('data', (data) => {
console.log('TCP :: DATA: ' + data);
});
stream.end('GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: www.google.com\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n');
});
}).connect({
host: '192.168.100.100',
port: 22,
username: 'frylock',
privateKey: require('fs').readFileSync('/here/is/my/key')
});node-ssh is an SSH2 client module that provides a higher-level API for interacting with SSH servers. It simplifies tasks like executing commands and handling file transfers. Compared to ssh2, node-ssh is built on top of ssh2 and offers a more promise-based API, which can be easier to use for some developers.
simple-ssh is another SSH client for node.js that aims to provide a simpler and more intuitive API than ssh2. It offers a chainable API for executing multiple commands in sequence. While it may be easier for beginners, it is not as feature-rich as ssh2 and may not be suitable for more complex SSH interactions.
SSH2 client and server modules written in pure JavaScript for node.js.
Development/testing is done against OpenSSH (7.6 currently).
uptime on a serversocksv5)npm install ssh2
uptime on a servervar Client = require('ssh2').Client;
var conn = new Client();
conn.on('ready', function() {
console.log('Client :: ready');
conn.exec('uptime', function(err, stream) {
if (err) throw err;
stream.on('close', function(code, signal) {
console.log('Stream :: close :: code: ' + code + ', signal: ' + signal);
conn.end();
}).on('data', function(data) {
console.log('STDOUT: ' + data);
}).stderr.on('data', function(data) {
console.log('STDERR: ' + data);
});
});
}).connect({
host: '192.168.100.100',
port: 22,
username: 'frylock',
privateKey: require('fs').readFileSync('/here/is/my/key')
});
// example output:
// Client :: ready
// STDOUT: 17:41:15 up 22 days, 18:09, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
//
// Stream :: exit :: code: 0, signal: undefined
// Stream :: close
var Client = require('ssh2').Client;
var conn = new Client();
conn.on('ready', function() {
console.log('Client :: ready');
conn.shell(function(err, stream) {
if (err) throw err;
stream.on('close', function() {
console.log('Stream :: close');
conn.end();
}).on('data', function(data) {
console.log('OUTPUT: ' + data);
});
stream.end('ls -l\nexit\n');
});
}).connect({
host: '192.168.100.100',
port: 22,
username: 'frylock',
privateKey: require('fs').readFileSync('/here/is/my/key')
});
// example output:
// Client :: ready
// STDOUT: Last login: Sun Jun 15 09:37:21 2014 from 192.168.100.100
//
// STDOUT: ls -l
// exit
//
// STDOUT: frylock@athf:~$ ls -l
//
// STDOUT: total 8
//
// STDOUT: drwxr-xr-x 2 frylock frylock 4096 Nov 18 2012 mydir
//
// STDOUT: -rw-r--r-- 1 frylock frylock 25 Apr 11 2013 test.txt
//
// STDOUT: frylock@athf:~$ exit
//
// STDOUT: logout
//
// Stream :: close
var Client = require('ssh2').Client;
var conn = new Client();
conn.on('ready', function() {
console.log('Client :: ready');
conn.forwardOut('192.168.100.102', 8000, '127.0.0.1', 80, function(err, stream) {
if (err) throw err;
stream.on('close', function() {
console.log('TCP :: CLOSED');
conn.end();
}).on('data', function(data) {
console.log('TCP :: DATA: ' + data);
}).end([
'HEAD / HTTP/1.1',
'User-Agent: curl/7.27.0',
'Host: 127.0.0.1',
'Accept: */*',
'Connection: close',
'',
''
].join('\r\n'));
});
}).connect({
host: '192.168.100.100',
port: 22,
username: 'frylock',
password: 'nodejsrules'
});
// example output:
// Client :: ready
// TCP :: DATA: HTTP/1.1 200 OK
// Date: Thu, 15 Nov 2012 13:52:58 GMT
// Server: Apache/2.2.22 (Ubuntu)
// X-Powered-By: PHP/5.4.6-1ubuntu1
// Last-Modified: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT
// Content-Encoding: gzip
// Vary: Accept-Encoding
// Connection: close
// Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
//
//
// TCP :: CLOSED
var Client = require('ssh2').Client;
var conn = new Client();
conn.on('ready', function() {
console.log('Client :: ready');
conn.forwardIn('127.0.0.1', 8000, function(err) {
if (err) throw err;
console.log('Listening for connections on server on port 8000!');
});
}).on('tcp connection', function(info, accept, reject) {
console.log('TCP :: INCOMING CONNECTION:');
console.dir(info);
accept().on('close', function() {
console.log('TCP :: CLOSED');
}).on('data', function(data) {
console.log('TCP :: DATA: ' + data);
}).end([
'HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found',
'Date: Thu, 15 Nov 2012 02:07:58 GMT',
'Server: ForwardedConnection',
'Content-Length: 0',
'Connection: close',
'',
''
].join('\r\n'));
}).connect({
host: '192.168.100.100',
port: 22,
username: 'frylock',
password: 'nodejsrules'
});
// example output:
// Client :: ready
// Listening for connections on server on port 8000!
// (.... then from another terminal on the server: `curl -I http://127.0.0.1:8000`)
// TCP :: INCOMING CONNECTION: { destIP: '127.0.0.1',
// destPort: 8000,
// srcIP: '127.0.0.1',
// srcPort: 41969 }
// TCP DATA: HEAD / HTTP/1.1
// User-Agent: curl/7.27.0
// Host: 127.0.0.1:8000
// Accept: */*
//
//
// TCP :: CLOSED
var Client = require('ssh2').Client;
var conn = new Client();
conn.on('ready', function() {
console.log('Client :: ready');
conn.sftp(function(err, sftp) {
if (err) throw err;
sftp.readdir('foo', function(err, list) {
if (err) throw err;
console.dir(list);
conn.end();
});
});
}).connect({
host: '192.168.100.100',
port: 22,
username: 'frylock',
password: 'nodejsrules'
});
// example output:
// Client :: ready
// [ { filename: 'test.txt',
// longname: '-rw-r--r-- 1 frylock frylock 12 Nov 18 11:05 test.txt',
// attrs:
// { size: 12,
// uid: 1000,
// gid: 1000,
// mode: 33188,
// atime: 1353254750,
// mtime: 1353254744 } },
// { filename: 'mydir',
// longname: 'drwxr-xr-x 2 frylock frylock 4096 Nov 18 15:03 mydir',
// attrs:
// { size: 1048576,
// uid: 1000,
// gid: 1000,
// mode: 16877,
// atime: 1353269007,
// mtime: 1353269007 } } ]
var Client = require('ssh2').Client;
var conn1 = new Client();
var conn2 = new Client();
// Checks uptime on 10.1.1.40 via 192.168.1.1
conn1.on('ready', function() {
console.log('FIRST :: connection ready');
// Alternatively, you could use netcat or socat with exec() instead of
// forwardOut()
conn1.forwardOut('127.0.0.1', 12345, '10.1.1.40', 22, function(err, stream) {
if (err) {
console.log('FIRST :: forwardOut error: ' + err);
return conn1.end();
}
conn2.connect({
sock: stream,
username: 'user2',
password: 'password2',
});
});
}).connect({
host: '192.168.1.1',
username: 'user1',
password: 'password1',
});
conn2.on('ready', function() {
console.log('SECOND :: connection ready');
conn2.exec('uptime', function(err, stream) {
if (err) {
console.log('SECOND :: exec error: ' + err);
return conn1.end();
}
stream.on('end', function() {
conn1.end(); // close parent (and this) connection
}).on('data', function(data) {
console.log(data.toString());
});
});
});
var net = require('net');
var Client = require('ssh2').Client;
var conn = new Client();
conn.on('x11', function(info, accept, reject) {
var xserversock = new net.Socket();
xserversock.on('connect', function() {
var xclientsock = accept();
xclientsock.pipe(xserversock).pipe(xclientsock);
});
// connects to localhost:0.0
xserversock.connect(6000, 'localhost');
});
conn.on('ready', function() {
conn.exec('xeyes', { x11: true }, function(err, stream) {
if (err) throw err;
var code = 0;
stream.on('end', function() {
if (code !== 0)
console.log('Do you have X11 forwarding enabled on your SSH server?');
conn.end();
}).on('exit', function(exitcode) {
code = exitcode;
});
});
}).connect({
host: '192.168.1.1',
username: 'foo',
password: 'bar'
});
var socks = require('socksv5');
var Client = require('ssh2').Client;
var ssh_config = {
host: '192.168.100.1',
port: 22,
username: 'nodejs',
password: 'rules'
};
socks.createServer(function(info, accept, deny) {
// NOTE: you could just use one ssh2 client connection for all forwards, but
// you could run into server-imposed limits if you have too many forwards open
// at any given time
var conn = new Client();
conn.on('ready', function() {
conn.forwardOut(info.srcAddr,
info.srcPort,
info.dstAddr,
info.dstPort,
function(err, stream) {
if (err) {
conn.end();
return deny();
}
var clientSocket;
if (clientSocket = accept(true)) {
stream.pipe(clientSocket).pipe(stream).on('close', function() {
conn.end();
});
} else
conn.end();
});
}).on('error', function(err) {
deny();
}).connect(ssh_config);
}).listen(1080, 'localhost', function() {
console.log('SOCKSv5 proxy server started on port 1080');
}).useAuth(socks.auth.None());
// test with cURL:
// curl -i --socks5 localhost:1080 google.com
var http = require('http');
var HTTPAgent = require('ssh2').HTTPAgent;
var Client = require('ssh2').Client;
var ssh_config = {
host: '192.168.100.1',
port: 22,
username: 'nodejs',
password: 'rules'
};
var agent = new HTTPAgent(ssh_config);
http.get({
host: '192.168.200.1',
agent,
headers: { Connection: 'close' }
}, (res) => {
console.log(res.statusCode);
console.dir(res.headers);
res.resume();
});
var Client = require('ssh2').Client;
var xmlhello = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>' +
'<hello xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">' +
' <capabilities>' +
' <capability>urn:ietf:params:netconf:base:1.0</capability>' +
' </capabilities>' +
'</hello>]]>]]>';
var conn = new Client();
conn.on('ready', function() {
console.log('Client :: ready');
conn.subsys('netconf', function(err, stream) {
if (err) throw err;
stream.on('data', function(data) {
console.log(data);
}).write(xmlhello);
});
}).connect({
host: '1.2.3.4',
port: 22,
username: 'blargh',
password: 'honk'
});
var fs = require('fs');
var crypto = require('crypto');
var inspect = require('util').inspect;
var ssh2 = require('ssh2');
var utils = ssh2.utils;
var allowedUser = Buffer.from('foo');
var allowedPassword = Buffer.from('bar');
var allowedPubKey = utils.parseKey(fs.readFileSync('foo.pub'));
new ssh2.Server({
hostKeys: [fs.readFileSync('host.key')]
}, function(client) {
console.log('Client connected!');
client.on('authentication', function(ctx) {
var user = Buffer.from(ctx.username);
if (user.length !== allowedUser.length
|| !crypto.timingSafeEqual(user, allowedUser)) {
return ctx.reject();
}
switch (ctx.method) {
case 'password':
var password = Buffer.from(ctx.password);
if (password.length !== allowedPassword.length
|| !crypto.timingSafeEqual(password, allowedPassword)) {
return ctx.reject();
}
break;
case 'publickey':
var allowedPubSSHKey = allowedPubKey.getPublicSSH();
if (ctx.key.algo !== allowedPubKey.type
|| ctx.key.data.length !== allowedPubSSHKey.length
|| !crypto.timingSafeEqual(ctx.key.data, allowedPubSSHKey)
|| (ctx.signature && allowedPubKey.verify(ctx.blob, ctx.signature) !== true)) {
return ctx.reject();
}
break;
default:
return ctx.reject();
}
ctx.accept();
}).on('ready', function() {
console.log('Client authenticated!');
client.on('session', function(accept, reject) {
var session = accept();
session.once('exec', function(accept, reject, info) {
console.log('Client wants to execute: ' + inspect(info.command));
var stream = accept();
stream.stderr.write('Oh no, the dreaded errors!\n');
stream.write('Just kidding about the errors!\n');
stream.exit(0);
stream.end();
});
});
}).on('end', function() {
console.log('Client disconnected');
});
}).listen(0, '127.0.0.1', function() {
console.log('Listening on port ' + this.address().port);
});
var fs = require('fs');
var crypto = require('crypto');
var ssh2 = require('ssh2');
var OPEN_MODE = ssh2.SFTP_OPEN_MODE;
var STATUS_CODE = ssh2.SFTP_STATUS_CODE;
var allowedUser = Buffer.from('foo');
var allowedPassword = Buffer.from('bar');
new ssh2.Server({
hostKeys: [fs.readFileSync('host.key')]
}, function(client) {
console.log('Client connected!');
client.on('authentication', function(ctx) {
var user = Buffer.from(ctx.username);
if (user.length !== allowedUser.length
|| !crypto.timingSafeEqual(user, allowedUser)) {
return ctx.reject();
}
switch (ctx.method) {
case 'password':
var password = Buffer.from(ctx.password);
if (password.length !== allowedPassword.length
|| !crypto.timingSafeEqual(password, allowedPassword)) {
return ctx.reject();
}
break;
default:
return ctx.reject();
}
ctx.accept();
}).on('ready', function() {
console.log('Client authenticated!');
client.on('session', function(accept, reject) {
var session = accept();
session.on('sftp', function(accept, reject) {
console.log('Client SFTP session');
var openFiles = {};
var handleCount = 0;
// `sftpStream` is an `SFTPStream` instance in server mode
// see: https://github.com/mscdex/ssh2-streams/blob/master/SFTPStream.md
var sftpStream = accept();
sftpStream.on('OPEN', function(reqid, filename, flags, attrs) {
// only allow opening /tmp/foo.txt for writing
if (filename !== '/tmp/foo.txt' || !(flags & OPEN_MODE.WRITE))
return sftpStream.status(reqid, STATUS_CODE.FAILURE);
// create a fake handle to return to the client, this could easily
// be a real file descriptor number for example if actually opening
// the file on the disk
var handle = new Buffer(4);
openFiles[handleCount] = true;
handle.writeUInt32BE(handleCount++, 0, true);
sftpStream.handle(reqid, handle);
console.log('Opening file for write')
}).on('WRITE', function(reqid, handle, offset, data) {
if (handle.length !== 4 || !openFiles[handle.readUInt32BE(0, true)])
return sftpStream.status(reqid, STATUS_CODE.FAILURE);
// fake the write
sftpStream.status(reqid, STATUS_CODE.OK);
var inspected = require('util').inspect(data);
console.log('Write to file at offset %d: %s', offset, inspected);
}).on('CLOSE', function(reqid, handle) {
var fnum;
if (handle.length !== 4 || !openFiles[(fnum = handle.readUInt32BE(0, true))])
return sftpStream.status(reqid, STATUS_CODE.FAILURE);
delete openFiles[fnum];
sftpStream.status(reqid, STATUS_CODE.OK);
console.log('Closing file');
});
});
});
}).on('end', function() {
console.log('Client disconnected');
});
}).listen(0, '127.0.0.1', function() {
console.log('Listening on port ' + this.address().port);
});
You can find more examples in the examples directory of this repository.
require('ssh2').Client returns a Client constructor.
require('ssh2').Server returns a Server constructor.
require('ssh2').utils returns the utility methods from ssh2-streams.
require('ssh2').HTTPAgent returns an http.Agent constructor.
require('ssh2').HTTPSAgent returns an https.Agent constructor. Its API is the same as HTTPAgent except it's for HTTPS connections.
require('ssh2').SFTP_STATUS_CODE returns the SFTPStream.STATUS_CODE from ssh2-streams.
require('ssh2').SFTP_OPEN_MODE returns the SFTPStream.OPEN_MODE from ssh2-streams.
banner(< string >message, < string >language) - A notice was sent by the server upon connection.
ready() - Authentication was successful.
tcp connection(< object >details, < function >accept, < function >reject) - An incoming forwarded TCP connection is being requested. Calling accept accepts the connection and returns a Channel object. Calling reject rejects the connection and no further action is needed. details contains:
srcIP - string - The originating IP of the connection.
srcPort - integer - The originating port of the connection.
destIP - string - The remote IP the connection was received on (given in earlier call to forwardIn()).
destPort - integer - The remote port the connection was received on (given in earlier call to forwardIn()).
x11(< object >details, < function >accept, < function >reject) - An incoming X11 connection is being requested. Calling accept accepts the connection and returns a Channel object. Calling reject rejects the connection and no further action is needed. details contains:
srcIP - string - The originating IP of the connection.
srcPort - integer - The originating port of the connection.
keyboard-interactive(< string >name, < string >instructions, < string >instructionsLang, < array >prompts, < function >finish) - The server is asking for replies to the given prompts for keyboard-interactive user authentication. name is generally what you'd use as a window title (for GUI apps). prompts is an array of { prompt: 'Password: ', echo: false } style objects (here echo indicates whether user input should be displayed on the screen). The answers for all prompts must be provided as an array of strings and passed to finish when you are ready to continue. Note: It's possible for the server to come back and ask more questions.
unix connection(< object >details, < function >accept, < function >reject) - An incoming forwarded UNIX socket connection is being requested. Calling accept accepts the connection and returns a Channel object. Calling reject rejects the connection and no further action is needed. details contains:
change password(< string >message, < string >language, < function >done) - If using password-based user authentication, the server has requested that the user's password be changed. Call done with the new password.
continue() - Emitted when more requests/data can be sent to the server (after a Client method returned false).
error(< Error >err) - An error occurred. A 'level' property indicates 'client-socket' for socket-level errors and 'client-ssh' for SSH disconnection messages. In the case of 'client-ssh' messages, there may be a 'description' property that provides more detail.
end() - The socket was disconnected.
close() - The socket was closed.
(constructor)() - Creates and returns a new Client instance.
connect(< object >config) - (void) - Attempts a connection to a server using the information given in config:
host - string - Hostname or IP address of the server. Default: 'localhost'
port - integer - Port number of the server. Default: 22
localAddress - string - IP address of the network interface to use to connect to the server. Default: (none -- determined by OS)
localPort - string - The local port number to connect from. Default: (none -- determined by OS)
forceIPv4 - boolean - Only connect via resolved IPv4 address for host. Default: false
forceIPv6 - boolean - Only connect via resolved IPv6 address for host. Default: false
hostHash - string - Any valid hash algorithm supported by node. The host's key is hashed using this algorithm and passed to the hostVerifier function. Default: (none)
hostVerifier - function - Function with parameters (hashedKey[, callback]) where hashedKey is a string hex hash of the host's key for verification purposes. Return true to continue with the handshake or false to reject and disconnect, or call callback() with true or false if you need to perform asynchronous verification. Default: (auto-accept if hostVerifier is not set)
username - string - Username for authentication. Default: (none)
password - string - Password for password-based user authentication. Default: (none)
agent - string - Path to ssh-agent's UNIX socket for ssh-agent-based user authentication. Windows users: set to 'pageant' for authenticating with Pageant or (actual) path to a cygwin "UNIX socket." Default: (none)
agentForward - boolean - Set to true to use OpenSSH agent forwarding (auth-agent@openssh.com) for the life of the connection. agent must also be set to use this feature. Default: false
privateKey - mixed - Buffer or string that contains a private key for either key-based or hostbased user authentication (OpenSSH format). Default: (none)
passphrase - string - For an encrypted private key, this is the passphrase used to decrypt it. Default: (none)
localHostname - string - Along with localUsername and privateKey, set this to a non-empty string for hostbased user authentication. Default: (none)
localUsername - string - Along with localHostname and privateKey, set this to a non-empty string for hostbased user authentication. Default: (none)
tryKeyboard - boolean - Try keyboard-interactive user authentication if primary user authentication method fails. If you set this to true, you need to handle the keyboard-interactive event. Default: false
authHandler - function - Function with parameters (methodsLeft, partialSuccess, callback) where methodsLeft and partialSuccess are null on the first authentication attempt, otherwise are an array and boolean respectively. Return or call callback() with the name of the authentication method to try next (pass false to signal no more methods to try). Valid method names are: 'none', 'password', 'publickey', 'agent', 'keyboard-interactive', 'hostbased'. Default: function that follows a set method order: None -> Password -> Private Key -> Agent (-> keyboard-interactive if tryKeyboard is true) -> Hostbased
keepaliveInterval - integer - How often (in milliseconds) to send SSH-level keepalive packets to the server (in a similar way as OpenSSH's ServerAliveInterval config option). Set to 0 to disable. Default: 0
keepaliveCountMax - integer - How many consecutive, unanswered SSH-level keepalive packets that can be sent to the server before disconnection (similar to OpenSSH's ServerAliveCountMax config option). Default: 3
readyTimeout - integer - How long (in milliseconds) to wait for the SSH handshake to complete. Default: 20000
sock - ReadableStream - A ReadableStream to use for communicating with the server instead of creating and using a new TCP connection (useful for connection hopping).
strictVendor - boolean - Performs a strict server vendor check before sending vendor-specific requests, etc. (e.g. check for OpenSSH server when using openssh_noMoreSessions()) Default: true
algorithms - object - This option allows you to explicitly override the default transport layer algorithms used for the connection. Each value must be an array of valid algorithms for that category. The order of the algorithms in the arrays are important, with the most favorable being first. For a list of valid and default algorithm names, please review the documentation for the version of ssh2-streams used by this module. Valid keys:
kex - array - Key exchange algorithms.
cipher - array - Ciphers.
serverHostKey - array - Server host key formats.
hmac - array - (H)MAC algorithms.
compress - array - Compression algorithms.
compress - mixed - Set to true to enable compression if server supports it, 'force' to force compression (disconnecting if server does not support it), or false to explicitly opt out of compression all of the time. Note: this setting is overridden when explicitly setting a compression algorithm in the algorithms configuration option. Default: (only use compression if that is only what the server supports)
debug - function - Set this to a function that receives a single string argument to get detailed (local) debug information. Default: (none)
Default authentication method order: None -> Password -> Private Key -> Agent (-> keyboard-interactive if tryKeyboard is true) -> Hostbased
exec(< string >command[, < object >options], < function >callback) - boolean - Executes command on the server. Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic. callback has 2 parameters: < Error >err, < Channel >stream. Valid options properties are:
env - object - An environment to use for the execution of the command.
pty - mixed - Set to true to allocate a pseudo-tty with defaults, or an object containing specific pseudo-tty settings (see 'Pseudo-TTY settings'). Setting up a pseudo-tty can be useful when working with remote processes that expect input from an actual terminal (e.g. sudo's password prompt).
x11 - mixed - Set to true to use defaults below, set to a number to specify a specific screen number, or an object with the following valid properties:
single - boolean - Allow just a single connection? Default: false
screen - number - Screen number to use Default: 0
protocol - string - The authentication protocol name. Default: 'MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1'
cookie - mixed - The authentication cookie. Can be a hex string or a Buffer containing the raw cookie value (which will be converted to a hex string). Default: (random 16 byte value)
shell([[< mixed >window,] < object >options]< function >callback) - boolean - Starts an interactive shell session on the server, with an optional window object containing pseudo-tty settings (see 'Pseudo-TTY settings'). If window === false, then no pseudo-tty is allocated. options supports the x11 and env options as described in exec(). callback has 2 parameters: < Error >err, < Channel >stream. Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic.
forwardIn(< string >remoteAddr, < integer >remotePort, < function >callback) - boolean - Bind to remoteAddr on remotePort on the server and forward incoming TCP connections. callback has 2 parameters: < Error >err, < integer >port (port is the assigned port number if remotePort was 0). Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic. Here are some special values for remoteAddr and their associated binding behaviors:
'' - Connections are to be accepted on all protocol families supported by the server.
'0.0.0.0' - Listen on all IPv4 addresses.
'::' - Listen on all IPv6 addresses.
'localhost' - Listen on all protocol families supported by the server on loopback addresses only.
'127.0.0.1' and '::1' - Listen on the loopback interfaces for IPv4 and IPv6, respectively.
unforwardIn(< string >remoteAddr, < integer >remotePort, < function >callback) - boolean - Unbind from remoteAddr on remotePort on the server and stop forwarding incoming TCP connections. Until callback is called, more connections may still come in. callback has 1 parameter: < Error >err. Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic.
forwardOut(< string >srcIP, < integer >srcPort, < string >dstIP, < integer >dstPort, < function >callback) - boolean - Open a connection with srcIP and srcPort as the originating address and port and dstIP and dstPort as the remote destination address and port. callback has 2 parameters: < Error >err, < Channel >stream. Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic.
sftp(< function >callback) - boolean - Starts an SFTP session. callback has 2 parameters: < Error >err, < SFTPStream >sftp. For methods available on sftp, see the SFTPStream client documentation (except read() and write() are used instead of readData() and writeData() respectively, for convenience). Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic.
subsys(< string >subsystem, < function >callback) - boolean - Invokes subsystem on the server. callback has 2 parameters: < Error >err, < Channel >stream. Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic.
end() - (void) - Disconnects the socket.
openssh_noMoreSessions(< function >callback) - boolean - OpenSSH extension that sends a request to reject any new sessions (e.g. exec, shell, sftp, subsys) for this connection. callback has 1 parameter: < Error >err. Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic.
openssh_forwardInStreamLocal(< string >socketPath, < function >callback) - boolean - OpenSSH extension that binds to a UNIX domain socket at socketPath on the server and forwards incoming connections. callback has 1 parameter: < Error >err. Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic.
openssh_unforwardInStreamLocal(< string >socketPath, < function >callback) - boolean - OpenSSH extension that unbinds from a UNIX domain socket at socketPath on the server and stops forwarding incoming connections. callback has 1 parameter: < Error >err. Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic.
openssh_forwardOutStreamLocal(< string >socketPath, < function >callback) - boolean - OpenSSH extension that opens a connection to a UNIX domain socket at socketPath on the server. callback has 2 parameters: < Error >err, < Channel >stream. Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic.
connection(< Connection >client, < object >info) - A new client has connected. info contains the following properties:
ip - string - The remoteAddress of the connection.
family - string - The remoteFamily of the connection.
port - integer - The remotePort of the connection.
header - object - Information about the client's header:
identRaw - string - The raw client identification string.
versions - object - Various version information:
protocol - string - The SSH protocol version (always 1.99 or 2.0).
software - string - The software name and version of the client.
comments - string - Any text that comes after the software name/version.
Example: the identification string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.6.1p1 Ubuntu-2ubuntu2 would be parsed as:
{ identRaw: 'SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.6.1p1 Ubuntu-2ubuntu2',
version: {
protocol: '2.0',
software: 'OpenSSH_6.6.1p1'
},
comments: 'Ubuntu-2ubuntu2' }
(constructor)(< object >config[, < function >connectionListener]) - Creates and returns a new Server instance. Server instances also have the same methods/properties/events as net.Server. connectionListener if supplied, is added as a connection listener. Valid config properties:
hostKeys - array - An array of either Buffers/strings that contain host private keys or objects in the format of { key: <Buffer/string>, passphrase: <string> } for encrypted private keys. (Required) Default: (none)
algorithms - object - This option allows you to explicitly override the default transport layer algorithms used for incoming client connections. Each value must be an array of valid algorithms for that category. The order of the algorithms in the arrays are important, with the most favorable being first. For a list of valid and default algorithm names, please review the documentation for the version of ssh2-streams used by this module. Valid keys:
kex - array - Key exchange algorithms.
cipher - array - Ciphers.
serverHostKey - array - Server host key formats.
hmac - array - (H)MAC algorithms.
compress - array - Compression algorithms.
greeting - string - A message that is sent to clients immediately upon connection, before handshaking begins. Note: Most clients usually ignore this. Default: (none)
banner - string - A message that is sent to clients once, right before authentication begins. Default: (none)
ident - string - A custom server software name/version identifier. Default: 'ssh2js' + moduleVersion + 'srv'
highWaterMark - integer - This is the highWaterMark to use for the parser stream. Default: 32 * 1024
debug - function - Set this to a function that receives a single string argument to get detailed (local) debug information. Default: (none)
authentication(< AuthContext >ctx) - The client has requested authentication. ctx.username contains the client username, ctx.method contains the requested authentication method, and ctx.accept() and ctx.reject([< Array >authMethodsLeft[, < Boolean >isPartialSuccess]]) are used to accept or reject the authentication request respectively. abort is emitted if the client aborts the authentication request. Other properties/methods available on ctx depends on the ctx.method of authentication the client has requested:
password:
publickey:
key - object - Contains information about the public key sent by the client:
algo - string - The name of the key algorithm (e.g. ssh-rsa).
data - Buffer - The actual key data.
sigAlgo - mixed - If the value is undefined, the client is only checking the validity of the key. If the value is a string, then this contains the signature algorithm that is passed to crypto.createVerify().
blob - mixed - If the value is undefined, the client is only checking the validity of the key. If the value is a Buffer, then this contains the data that is passed to verifier.update().
signature - mixed - If the value is undefined, the client is only checking the validity of the key. If the value is a Buffer, then this contains a signature that is passed to verifier.verify().
keyboard-interactive:
submethods - array - A list of preferred authentication "sub-methods" sent by the client. This may be used to determine what (if any) prompts to send to the client.
prompt(< array >prompts[, < string >title[, < string >instructions]], < function >callback) - boolean - Send prompts to the client. prompts is an array of { prompt: 'Prompt text', echo: true } objects (prompt being the prompt text and echo indicating whether the client's response to the prompt should be echoed to their display). callback is called with (err, responses), where responses is an array of string responses matching up to the prompts.
ready() - Emitted when the client has been successfully authenticated.
session(< function >accept, < function >reject) - Emitted when the client has requested a new session. Sessions are used to start interactive shells, execute commands, request X11 forwarding, etc. accept() returns a new Session instance. reject() Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic.
tcpip(< function >accept, < function >reject, < object >info) - Emitted when the client has requested an outbound (TCP) connection. accept() returns a new Channel instance representing the connection. reject() Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic. info contains:
srcIP - string - Source IP address of outgoing connection.
srcPort - string - Source port of outgoing connection.
destIP - string - Destination IP address of outgoing connection.
destPort - string - Destination port of outgoing connection.
openssh.streamlocal(< function >accept, < function >reject, < object >info) - Emitted when the client has requested a connection to a UNIX domain socket. accept() returns a new Channel instance representing the connection. reject() Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic. info contains:
request(< mixed >accept, < mixed >reject, < string >name, < object >info) - Emitted when the client has sent a global request for name (e.g. tcpip-forward or cancel-tcpip-forward). accept and reject are functions if the client requested a response. If bindPort === 0, you should pass the chosen port to accept() so that the client will know what port was bound. info contains additional details about the request:
tcpip-forward and cancel-tcpip-forward:
bindAddr - string - The IP address to start/stop binding to.
bindPort - integer - The port to start/stop binding to.
streamlocal-forward@openssh.com and cancel-streamlocal-forward@openssh.com:
rekey() - Emitted when the client has finished rekeying (either client or server initiated).
continue() - Emitted when more requests/data can be sent to the client (after a Connection method returned false).
error(< Error >err) - An error occurred.
end() - The client socket disconnected.
close() - The client socket was closed.
end() - boolean - Closes the client connection. Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic.
x11(< string >originAddr, < integer >originPort, < function >callback) - boolean - Alert the client of an incoming X11 client connection from originAddr on port originPort. callback has 2 parameters: < Error >err, < Channel >stream. Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic.
forwardOut(< string >boundAddr, < integer >boundPort, < string >remoteAddr, < integer >remotePort, < function >callback) - boolean - Alert the client of an incoming TCP connection on boundAddr on port boundPort from remoteAddr on port remotePort. callback has 2 parameters: < Error >err, < Channel >stream. Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic.
openssh_forwardOutStreamLocal(< string >socketPath, < function >callback) - boolean - Alert the client of an incoming UNIX domain socket connection on socketPath. callback has 2 parameters: < Error >err, < Channel >stream. Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic.
rekey([< function >callback]) - boolean - Initiates a rekeying with the client. If callback is supplied, it is added as a one-time handler for the rekey event. Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic.
pty(< mixed >accept, < mixed >reject, < object >info) - The client requested allocation of a pseudo-TTY for this session. accept and reject are functions if the client requested a response and return false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic. info has these properties:
cols - integer - The number of columns for the pseudo-TTY.
rows - integer - The number of rows for the pseudo-TTY.
width - integer - The width of the pseudo-TTY in pixels.
height - integer - The height of the pseudo-TTY in pixels.
modes - object - Contains the requested terminal modes of the pseudo-TTY keyed on the mode name with the value being the mode argument. (See the table at the end for valid names).
window-change(< mixed >accept, < mixed >reject, < object >info) - The client reported a change in window dimensions during this session. accept and reject are functions if the client requested a response and return false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic. info has these properties:
cols - integer - The new number of columns for the client window.
rows - integer - The new number of rows for the client window.
width - integer - The new width of the client window in pixels.
height - integer - The new height of the client window in pixels.
x11(< mixed >accept, < mixed >reject, < object >info) - The client requested X11 forwarding. accept and reject are functions if the client requested a response and return false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic. info has these properties:
single - boolean - true if only a single connection should be forwarded.
protocol - string - The name of the X11 authentication method used (e.g. MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1).
cookie - string - The X11 authentication cookie encoded in hexadecimal.
screen - integer - The screen number to forward X11 connections for.
env(< mixed >accept, < mixed >reject, < object >info) - The client requested an environment variable to be set for this session. accept and reject are functions if the client requested a response and return false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic. info has these properties:
key - string - The environment variable's name.
value - string - The environment variable's value.
signal(< mixed >accept, < mixed >reject, < object >info) - The client has sent a signal. accept and reject are functions if the client requested a response and return false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic. info has these properties:
SIGUSR1).auth-agent(< mixed >accept, < mixed >reject) - The client has requested incoming ssh-agent requests be forwarded to them. accept and reject are functions if the client requested a response and return false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic.
shell(< mixed >accept, < mixed >reject) - The client has requested an interactive shell. accept and reject are functions if the client requested a response. accept() returns a Channel for the interactive shell. reject() Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic.
exec(< mixed >accept, < mixed >reject, < object >info) - The client has requested execution of a command string. accept and reject are functions if the client requested a response. accept() returns a Channel for the command execution. reject() Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic. info has these properties:
sftp(< mixed >accept, < mixed >reject) - The client has requested the SFTP subsystem. accept and reject are functions if the client requested a response. accept() returns an SFTPStream in server mode (see the SFTPStream documentation for details). reject() Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic. info has these properties:
subsystem(< mixed >accept, < mixed >reject, < object >info) - The client has requested an arbitrary subsystem. accept and reject are functions if the client requested a response. accept() returns a Channel for the subsystem. reject() Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic. info has these properties:
close() - The session was closed.
This is a normal streams2 Duplex Stream (used both by clients and servers), with the following changes:
A boolean property allowHalfOpen exists and behaves similarly to the property of the same name for net.Socket. When the stream's end() is called, if allowHalfOpen is true, only EOF will be sent (the server can still send data if they have not already sent EOF). The default value for this property is true.
A close event is emitted once the channel is completely closed on both the client and server.
Client-specific:
For exec():
An exit event may (the SSH2 spec says it is optional) be emitted when the process finishes. If the process finished normally, the process's return value is passed to the exit callback. If the process was interrupted by a signal, the following are passed to the exit callback: null, < string >signalName, < boolean >didCoreDump, < string >description.
If there was an exit event, the close event will be passed the same arguments for convenience.
A stderr property contains a Readable stream that represents output from stderr.
For shell() and exec():
The readable side represents stdout and the writable side represents stdin.
signal(< string >signalName) - boolean - Sends a POSIX signal to the current process on the server. Valid signal names are: 'ABRT', 'ALRM', 'FPE', 'HUP', 'ILL', 'INT', 'KILL', 'PIPE', 'QUIT', 'SEGV', 'TERM', 'USR1', and 'USR2'. Some server implementations may ignore this request if they do not support signals. Note: If you are trying to send SIGINT and you find signal() doesn't work, try writing '\x03' to the Channel stream instead. Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic.
setWindow(< integer >rows, < integer >cols, < integer >height, < integer >width) - boolean - Lets the server know that the local terminal window has been resized. The meaning of these arguments are described in the 'Pseudo-TTY settings' section. Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic.
Server-specific:
For exec-enabled channel instances there is an additional method available that may be called right before you close the channel. It has two different signatures:
exit(< integer >exitCode) - boolean - Sends an exit status code to the client. Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic.
exit(< string >signalName[, < boolean >coreDumped[, < string >errorMsg]]) - boolean - Sends an exit status code to the client. Returns false if you should wait for the continue event before sending any more traffic.
For exec and shell-enabled channel instances, channel.stderr is a writable stream.
rows - < integer > - Number of rows. Default: 24
cols - < integer > - Number of columns. Default: 80
height - < integer > - Height in pixels. Default: 480
width - < integer > - Width in pixels. Default: 640
term - < string > - The value to use for $TERM. Default: 'vt100'
modes - < object > - An object containing Terminal Modes as keys, with each value set to each mode argument. Default: null
rows and cols override width and height when rows and cols are non-zero.
Pixel dimensions refer to the drawable area of the window.
Zero dimension parameters are ignored.
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| VINTR | Interrupt character; 255 if none. Similarly for the other characters. Not all of these characters are supported on all systems. |
| VQUIT | The quit character (sends SIGQUIT signal on POSIX systems). |
| VERASE | Erase the character to left of the cursor. |
| VKILL | Kill the current input line. |
| VEOF | End-of-file character (sends EOF from the terminal). |
| VEOL | End-of-line character in addition to carriage return and/or linefeed. |
| VEOL2 | Additional end-of-line character. |
| VSTART | Continues paused output (normally control-Q). |
| VSTOP | Pauses output (normally control-S). |
| VSUSP | Suspends the current program. |
| VDSUSP | Another suspend character. |
| VREPRINT | Reprints the current input line. |
| VWERASE | Erases a word left of cursor. |
| VLNEXT | Enter the next character typed literally, even if it is a special character |
| VFLUSH | Character to flush output. |
| VSWTCH | Switch to a different shell layer. |
| VSTATUS | Prints system status line (load, command, pid, etc). |
| VDISCARD | Toggles the flushing of terminal output. |
| IGNPAR | The ignore parity flag. The parameter SHOULD be 0 if this flag is FALSE, and 1 if it is TRUE. |
| PARMRK | Mark parity and framing errors. |
| INPCK | Enable checking of parity errors. |
| ISTRIP | Strip 8th bit off characters. |
| INLCR | Map NL into CR on input. |
| IGNCR | Ignore CR on input. |
| ICRNL | Map CR to NL on input. |
| IUCLC | Translate uppercase characters to lowercase. |
| IXON | Enable output flow control. |
| IXANY | Any char will restart after stop. |
| IXOFF | Enable input flow control. |
| IMAXBEL | Ring bell on input queue full. |
| ISIG | Enable signals INTR, QUIT, [D]SUSP. |
| ICANON | Canonicalize input lines. |
| XCASE | Enable input and output of uppercase characters by preceding their lowercase equivalents with "". |
| ECHO | Enable echoing. |
| ECHOE | Visually erase chars. |
| ECHOK | Kill character discards current line. |
| ECHONL | Echo NL even if ECHO is off. |
| NOFLSH | Don't flush after interrupt. |
| TOSTOP | Stop background jobs from output. |
| IEXTEN | Enable extensions. |
| ECHOCTL | Echo control characters as ^(Char). |
| ECHOKE | Visual erase for line kill. |
| PENDIN | Retype pending input. |
| OPOST | Enable output processing. |
| OLCUC | Convert lowercase to uppercase. |
| ONLCR | Map NL to CR-NL. |
| OCRNL | Translate carriage return to newline (output). |
| ONOCR | Translate newline to carriage return-newline (output). |
| ONLRET | Newline performs a carriage return (output). |
| CS7 | 7 bit mode. |
| CS8 | 8 bit mode. |
| PARENB | Parity enable. |
| PARODD | Odd parity, else even. |
| TTY_OP_ISPEED | Specifies the input baud rate in bits per second. |
| TTY_OP_OSPEED | Specifies the output baud rate in bits per second. |
http.Agent instance used to tunnel an HTTP connection over SSH. sshConfig is what is passed to client.connect() and agentOptions is passed to the http.Agent constructor.FAQs
SSH2 client and server modules written in pure JavaScript for node.js
The npm package ssh2 receives a total of 1,876,385 weekly downloads. As such, ssh2 popularity was classified as popular.
We found that ssh2 demonstrated a healthy version release cadence and project activity because the last version was released less than a year ago. It has 1 open source maintainer collaborating on the project.
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